MEGANTHIAS KINGYO ( KON , YOSHINO AND SAKURAI , 2000 ) ( PERCIFORMES : SERRANIDAE ) FROM BITUNG , NORTH SULAWESI , INDONESIA : FIRST RECORD FROM THE SOUTHWESTERN PACIFIC OCEAN

Eight specimens of Meganthias kingyo were collected from Bitung, North Sulawesi, Indonesia between 2008 2010. The specimens were caught from about 70-150 m off Lembeh Island. M. kingyo differs from M. natalensis by having the following characteristics: pores lateral line scales (43 vs. 49); pectoral rays (16 vs. ii.14); body depth (47.1 vs. 51.9); head length (31.0 vs. 38.2), body depth (47.1 vs. 52.9), caudal peduncle depth (12.1 vs. 14.2), pectoral fin length (28.0 vs. 34.3), pelvic fin length (33.6 vs. 31.1), anal fin base length (19.4 vs. 22.2), caudal fin length (66.9 vs. 35.3) and longest dorsal fin ray (48.5 vs. 27.4). Previously, this species has been reported from Houzan-sone, off Miyako and Yaeyama Islands in Okinawa, Japan; and herein is recorded from off Lembeh Island, North Sulawesi, Indonesia.


INTRODUCTION
Anthinid fishes are usually colourful, small in size and live in hard-bottom habitat at depths of about 100-400 m (Randall and Heemstra, 2006).Because of their small size, the difficulty of catching them and their low commercial value, anthinid fishes are insufficiently represented in museum collections.Some species were described as new species based on a single specimen, or a few specimens from one or two localities (Randall, 1996;Chen and Shao, 2002).Among 30 species of his genus revision, Randall (1980) remarked 18 species of these were identified from one or two specimens, and eight species based on a single specimen.
Among the four species in the genus, Meganthias kingyo has only been known from Okinawa (Japan) and now is reported here as a new record from Indonesia in the western Pacific Ocean.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Methods for species count and measurement follow Randall and Heemstra (2006).Additional measurements were made for lengths of all dorsal-fin and anal-fin spines, soft rays (from tip to its base) and suborbital width (minimum distance between orbit and upper jaw).All measurements were made with a digital caliper to the nearest 0.01 mm.Cyanine blue was used to examine and count scales.All lengths are reported as standard length (SL) and head length (HL).Institutional code follows Eschmeyer and Fricke (2014) with an additional abbreviation LBRC-F for LIPI Bitung Reference Collection -Fish, Technical Implementation Unit for Marine Biota Conservation, Indonesian Institute of Sciences.
Dorsal profile of head from dorsal origin steeply convex, mouth rather large, highly oblique; lower jaw projecting slightly beyond upper jaw when mouth closed.Upper jaw 2.2 -3.2 (2.6) in HL, with a band of villiform teeth, outermost teeth largest, canine-like; teeth on lower jaw villiform, outermost teeth largest, canine-like.Opercle with three flat spines, middle spine longest and slightly closer to lower spine than upper most; posterior border of preopercle serrated along margin, smooth at angle; sub-opercle and inter-opercle weakly serrated.Gill rakers elongated and pointed.Dorsal fin originating above and slightly before upper end of gill opening; dorsal spines strong, 3 rd to 10 th spines similar in length, first spine shortest; anterior soft dorsal rays not forming filament, third or fourth longest; anal spines stout, 2 nd spine more than three fourths length of 3 rd spine; outer margin of soft anal fin vertical; pectoral fin sub-symmetrical, reaching to origin of anal fin; pelvic fin inserted slightly before lower base of pectoral fin; caudal fin Ushaped with tip of lobes rounded.Scales moderately large; scales above lateral line to origin of dorsal fin 9-11, scales below lateral line to origin of anal fin 28-29; head densely scaled except lips, throat and frontals; bases of dorsal fin soft rays, anal fin soft rays, and caudal and pectoral fins scaled.Lateral line complete, arched above pectoral fin, highest under 5 th dorsal spine.

Color when fresh
The colouration of male and female Meganthias kingyo identified in this study matches with the description given by Kon et al., 2000).The male species are described as: head and body are pale red dorsally, becoming pale pink ventrally; spinous and distal half of middle soft-rayed portion of dorsal fin yellow, other soft rays pale red; anal fin pale red with a distal yellow band; caudal fin pale red, becoming reddish violet marginally; pectoral fin base yellowish, becoming reddish distally, upper margin white; pelvic fin reddish.Female: head and body pink dorsally, becoming white ventrally, with many scattered dark brown spots dorsolaterally; dorsal fin pinkish white, with scattered dark brown spots, caudal fin pink; anal fin pink with a yellow sub-marginal band; pectoral fin pinkish with white upper and lower margins, dark brown spots on base; pelvic fin yellow anteriorly, gradually becoming pinkish-white posteriorly (Kon et al., 2000).

Distribution
Meganthias kingyo has been reported from Houzan-sone, off Miyako and Yaeyama Islands, Okinawa, Japan (Kon et al., 2000) and is now recorded from off Lembeh Island, North Sulawesi, Indonesia.

Remarks
The measurements of the Indonesia specimens are identical to the original description of Meganthias kingyo (Kon et al., 2000) with regard to head length, body depth, caudal peduncle depth, caudal peduncle length and interorbital width.However, the percentage of the dorsal fin spine length, anal fin spine length and caudal fin length does not conform to the percentage measurements of the type specimens.
These differences, however, may be due to the size of the specimens observed in the current study.
The colouration of fresh specimens is identical to that of type specimens.The current specimens reported from Indonesia are thus identified as Meganthias kingyo (Kon, Yoshino and Sakurai, 2000).
Meganthias kingyo is most similar to M. natalensis, in sharing the following characters: dorsal fin soft rays 17 or 18, anal fin soft rays 9, pored lateral line scales 46 or 47, 9 1/2 or 10 1/2 scale rows above lateral line to origin of dorsal fin and gill rakers 11-12 + 25-26.It differs from the later in having outer margin of the soft anal fin vertical (vs.gently convex M. natalensis) and scattered dark brown spots on the body in female (vs.spots absent in M. natalensis) (Kon et al., 2000).Compared to M. filiferus and M. carpenter, it is also different in the following characteristics: body depth (Fig. 2A), head length (Fig. 2B), caudal peduncle depth (Fig. 2C), anal fin length (Fig. 2D), caudal fin length (Fig. 2E) and longest dorsal fin length (Fig. 2F).

Table 1 .
Counts and measurements of Meganthias kingyo